Advantages of I-beams

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I-shaped beams are hollow web members. For high-strength materials, hollow web members are better than solid web members in terms of weight, material, and labor saving. This cross-sectional design mainly uses the flange farthest from the centroid to resist bending moments (because the farther the flange is, the greater the moment of inertia), and mainly uses the web to resist shear. As for the inconvenience in making it, it can be solved by factory or molding. Saving materials, labor, and time is efficiency.
Place a crossbeam horizontally on two supports, and when the crossbeam is subjected to downward pressure perpendicular to the axis, it bends. Compression deformation occurs at the upper part of the crossbeam, i.e. compressive stress occurs, and the closer it is to the upper edge, the more severe the compression is; Tensile deformation occurs at the lower part of the crossbeam, i.e. tensile stress occurs, and the closer it is to the lower edge, the more severe the tension becomes. And the middle layer is neither stretched nor compressed, so there is no stress. Due to the small contribution of the neutral layer to bending resistance, I-beams are often used in engineering applications to replace square beams and hollow pipes to replace solid columns.

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